Key Parameters Explained
Thread count (S) measures yarn fineness. 60S-80S is optimal for bedding; higher counts (100S+) require long-staple cotton and increase cost but may wrinkle more. GSM (grams per square meter) indicates weight: summer fabrics 100-130g/m², all-season 130-180g/m², winter brushed 200-250g/m². Below 100g/m² is too sheer, above 250g/m² reduces breathability. Finishing processes like combing reduce pilling, mercerizing adds luster, and pre-shrinking controls shrinkage to under 3%. Always verify full processing with suppliers.
Selecting for Different Uses
Cotton is classic for breathability but wrinkles easily; high-density weaves (60S/300T) improve this. Tencel (lyocell) absorbs 50% more moisture than cotton, ideal for humid climates, but its wet strength is lower—avoid harsh washing. Washed cotton has a soft, slightly wrinkled look and minimal shrinkage, but the washing process can weaken yarns; opt for long-staple cotton. Brushed cotton is warm for winter, but low-count (under 40S) versions shed heavily; choose 60S+ to keep shedding under 0.5%. Reactive dyeing bonds chemically with fibers, achieving colorfastness of 4-5 (Chinese standard 5 being highest), while pigment dyeing sits on the surface (grade 3) and fades with washing. For baby products, A-class standard (GB 31701-2015) requires formaldehyde ≤20mg/kg, pH 4.0-7.5, and no carcinogenic amines. Always request third-party test reports.
Procurement Pitfalls
Beware of false thread count claims—some suppliers add warp and weft counts (e.g., 40+40=80S). Demand yarn samples or mill records. Density is measured in threads per inch (T); 200-300T is standard, over 400T reduces breathability. For GSM, use a circular cutter to weigh random samples; tolerance should be ≤5%. Avoid “easy-care” finishes that may contain formaldehyde; if needed, require OEKO-TEX certification. For A-class orders, ensure trims (zippers, buttons) also meet standards and that finished goods are individually packaged to prevent contamination.